Monday, 28 January 2013

Example from the 'Canon': Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare

The play, set in Verona, begins with a street brawl between Montague
and Capulet supporters who are sworn enemies. The Prince of Verona
intervenes and declares that further breach of the peace will be
punishable by death. Later, Count Paris talks to Capulet about
marrying his daughter, but Capulet asks Paris to wait another two
years (then he later orders Juliet to marry Paris) and invites him to
attend a planned Capulet ball. Lady Capulet and Juliet's nurse try to
persuade Juliet to accept Paris's courtship.

Meanwhile, Benvolio talks with his cousin Romeo, Montague's son, about
Romeo's recent depression. Benvolio discovers that it stems from
unrequited infatuation for a girl named Rosaline, one of Capulet's
nieces. Persuaded by Benvolio and Mercutio, Romeo attends the ball at
the Capulet house in hopes of meeting Rosaline. However, Romeo instead
meets and falls in love with Juliet. After the ball, in what is now
called the "balcony scene", Romeo sneaks into the Capulet orchard and
overhears Juliet at her window vowing her love to him in spite of her
family's hatred of the Montagues. Romeo makes himself known to her and
they agree to be married. With the help of Friar Laurence, who hopes
to reconcile the two families through their children's union, they are
secretly married the next day.

Juliet's cousin Tybalt, incensed that Romeo had sneaked into the
Capulet ball, challenges him to a duel. Romeo, now considering Tybalt
his kinsman, refuses to fight. Mercutio is offended by Tybalt's
insolence, as well as Romeo's "vile submission," and accepts the duel
on Romeo's behalf. Mercutio is fatally wounded when Romeo attempts to
break up the fight. Grief-stricken and wracked with guilt, Romeo
confronts and slays Tybalt.

Montague argues that Romeo has justly executed Tybalt for the murder
of Mercutio. The Prince, now having lost a kinsman in the warring
families' feud, exiles Romeo from Verona, with threat of execution
upon return. Romeo secretly spends the night in Juliet's chamber,
where they consummate their marriage. Capulet, misinterpreting
Juliet's grief, agrees to marry her to Count Paris and threatens to
disown her when she refuses to become Paris's "joyful bride." When she
then pleads for the marriage to be delayed, her mother rejects her.

Juliet visits Friar Laurence for help, and he offers her a drug that
will put her into a deathlike coma for "two and forty hours." The
Friar promises to send a messenger to inform Romeo of the plan, so
that he can rejoin her when she awakens. On the night before the
wedding, she takes the drug and, when discovered apparently dead, she
is laid in the family crypt.

The messenger, however, does not reach Romeo and, instead, Romeo
learns of Juliet's apparent death from his servant Balthasar.
Heartbroken, Romeo buys poison from an apothecary and goes to the
Capulet crypt. He encounters Paris who has come to mourn Juliet
privately. Believing Romeo to be a vandal, Paris confronts him and, in
the ensuing battle, Romeo kills Paris. Still believing Juliet to be
dead, he drinks the poison. Juliet then awakens and, finding Romeo
dead, stabs herself with his dagger. The feuding families and the
Prince meet at the tomb to find all three dead. Friar Laurence
recounts the story of the two "star-cross'd lovers". The families are
reconciled by their children's deaths and agree to end their violent
feud.

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